Which colour suffers minimum deviation when white light undergoes dispersion by a prism?

When white light passes through a prism, it splits into its seven constituent colours — a phenomenon called dispersion. Each colour bends by a different amount because each has a different wavelength and travels at a different speed inside the glass. Among all colours, red light suffers the minimum deviation because it has the longest wavelength and lowest frequency among visible colours, causing it to bend the least as it passes through the prism. Violet light, on the other extreme, has the shortest wavelength and suffers maximum deviation — bending the most.

• Wavelength Rule: Longer the wavelength, lesser the deviation — red has the longest wavelength (~700 nm) among visible colours, so it deviates least
• Violet Light: Has the shortest wavelength (~400 nm) and suffers maximum deviation — bending the most through the prism
• VIBGYOR Order: Colours arrange as Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red — red always appears at the bottom with minimum bending
• Refractive Index: Red light has the lowest refractive index in glass among visible colours, confirming its minimum deviation
• Rainbow Connection: This same principle explains why red appears at the top and violet at the bottom of a rainbow in the sky