In Arthashastra, how many departments of the government find mention?

In the Arthashastra, Kautilya provides one of the most detailed and systematic accounts of ancient Indian administration, and the standard exam answer states that 34 departments of government find mention in this remarkable text. Written during the 3rd century BC under Mauryan rule, the Arthashastra goes far beyond just political theory — it actually lays down a practical, working blueprint for running an entire empire smoothly and efficiently.

• Author: Composed by Kautilya, also known as Chanakya, prime minister and advisor to Chandragupta Maurya
• Administrative Head: Each department was headed by an official called an adhyaksha (superintendent), accountable directly to the king
• Specialisation: Reflects an early and remarkably advanced understanding of administrative division of labour, similar to modern governance systems
• Key Areas Covered: Departments included agriculture, trade and commerce, mining, shipping, weights and measures, and revenue collection
• Exam Relevance: Frequently tested in Indian History and Polity sections, especially regarding Mauryan administration and Kautilya's governance principles